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Brunei

• Sultanate of Brunei
• monarchy with initial stages to a parliamentary form of government
• own name: Brunei Darussalam

Contents

• Flags

• Historical Flags

• Meaning/Origin of the Flag

• Coat of Arms

• Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

• Aircraft Roundel

• Map

• Numbers and Facts

• History

• Origin of the Country's Name

Flags

National flag, state flag und naval jack,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Corel Draw 4, Flags of the World





Offshore official flag (?),
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Die Welt im bunten Flaggenbild





Flag of the armed forces (war flag),
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World





Flag of the army,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World





Flag of the air force,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World





Naval flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Wikipedia (EN)





since 1999,
Standard of the Sultan,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Hubert Herald, Flags of the World

Historical Flags

to 1906,
National flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World





1906–1959,
National flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World





1959–1983,
Flag of the High Commissioner,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World





1959–1999,
Standard of the Sultan,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Hubert Herald

Meaning/Origin of the Flag

The flag of Brunei was introduced in the year 1906. It is yellow with a wide white-black diagonal stripe. The coat of arms of the state was added in 1959. After the achievement of independence (1st of January in 1984) the flag was maintained unchanged. Yellow is in the whole back-indian area the color of the kingship. In Brunei it symbolizes herewith the might of the ruling sultan. White and black were or are the colors for marking of the royal hierarchy in the almost Malay states: white is the colour of the Premier (Temenggong) and black is the colour of the Second Minister (Bendahara). The colors given for the flags are: yellow = pt 102, red = pt 032 and black.

Source: Die Welt der Flaggen, Flaggen und Wappen der Welt, Flags of the World

Coat of Arms

Coat of arms of Brunei,
Source: Corel Draw 4, Wikipedia (EN)

Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

The coat of arms contains known islamic symbols: a crescent and a canopy (parasol). The canopy towers above the lying down crescent. Since 1959 – Brunei got in this year a constitution – stand to the left and on the right of the coat of arms ever one forearm. The Arabian inscriptions on the crescent and underneath in a typeface ribbon say: "Through gods hand the good will thrive" and "Brunei, home of peace".

Source: Flaggen Wappen Hymnen

Aircraft Roundel

since 1991(?),
Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Wikipedia (EN)



1975–1991(?),
Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Flags of the World



Fin flash,
Source, by: Flags of the World

Map

Location:

Source: CIA World Factbook

Map of the country:

Source: CIA World Factbook

today's countries in the region, interaktive map:

Source: Volker Preuß

Numbers and Facts

Area: 2.226 square miles

Inhabitants: 464.500 (2020), thereof 66% Malay, 10% Chinese

Religions: 79% Muslim, 9% Christian, 8% Buddhist

Density of Population: 207 inh./sq.mi.

Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan, (Name to 1970: Brunei City), 100.700 inh. (2007)

official Language: Malay

other Languages: Chinese, English

Currency: 1 Brunei Dollar (BND, Br$) = 100 Cents

Time Zone: GMT + 8 h

Source: Wikipedia (D), CIA World Factbook

History

14th century · the region belongs to the Empire of Majapahit

1363 · establishment of state of Brunei (consisting of the territory of the modern countries of Sarawak, Brunei and Sabah)

1410 · Islamization

1578 · Spain occupies Brunei for three months

1704 · Brunei cedes the east of Sabah to the Sulu Sultanate

24th of September 1841 · as a merit for the suppression of an uprising occurs the Sultan of Brunei, Sarawak to the British James Brooke

1847 · the United Kingdom takes possession of Brunei

17th of September 1888 · separation of British North Borneo (Sabah), Brunei becomes a British protectorate

1890 · separation of Labuan and annexation to British North Borneo

5th of December 1905 · Brunei becomes a British protectorate under the rule of a British resident who will represent the country abroad, the Sultan is in charge for inner politics and religion

1942–1945 · occupied by Japanese troops

1945–1946 · British military administration

29th of September 1959 · United Kingdom grants independence, adoption of a constitution, the Islam becomes the state religion

1962 · rebellion, state of emergency

1967 · coronation of Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah

23rd of November 1971 · United Kingdom grants full internal self government

1st of January 1984 · United Kingdom grants independence

1998 · Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah determines his eldest son Prince al-Muhtadee Billah to Crown Prince

Source: Weltgeschichte, Wikipedia (D), Atlas zur Geschichte

Origin of the Country's Name

The name of the country has its roots in the Chinese word "Poni", which became as "Brunei" to the name of Kalimantan Island, and to the name of the on the island placed state. European sailors and traders changed the word "Brunei" to the word "Borneo" in the 16th century, as the name for the island.

Source: Handbuch der geographischen Namen, Wikipedia (D)