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Yugoslavia

 

Contents

Last used Flags

Historical Flags

Meaning/Origin of the Flag

Last used coat of arms

Historical Coats of Arms

Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

Aircraft Roundel

Map

Numbers and Facts

History

regional Flags
  – Serbia
  – Montenegro



Last used Flags

Flagge Fahne flag National flag national Merchant flag Jugoslawien Serbien und Montenegro Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro
National flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of all Nations




Flagge Fahne flag National flag State flag state flag Jugoslawien Serbien und Montenegro Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro
State flag,
ratio = 2:3,
doubtful




Flagge Fahne flag National flag Merchant flag Jugoslawien Serbien und Montenegro Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro
Merchant flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: 1.) Wikipedia (EN), 2.) Wikipedia (EN)




Flagge Fahne flag Naval flag Jugoslawien Serbien und Montenegro naval flag Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro
Naval flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of all Nations




Flagge Fahne flag Präsident Jugoslawien Serbien und Montenegro President Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro
Standard of the President,
ratio = 1:1,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)




Flagge Fahne flag Serbien Serbia
1992–2004,
Flag of Serbia,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of all Nations




Flagge Fahne flag Serbien Serbia
2004–2006,
Flag of Serbia,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)




Flagge Fahne flag Montenegro
1992–2004,
Flag of Montenegro,
ratio = 1:3,
Source, by: Flags of all Nations




Flagge Fahne flag Montenegro
2004–2006,
Flag of Montenegro,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of all Nations



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Historical Flags

1.) Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929)

2.) Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1941)

Flagge Fahne flag National flag State flag Merchant flag state national merchant flag Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
National, state and merchant flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)




Flagge Fahne flag War flag Naval flag war naval flag Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
Naval and war flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)




Flagge Fahne flag Standarte standard König King Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
1918–1929 (?),
Standard of the King,
ratio = 1:1,
Source, by: Flags of the World




Flagge Fahne flag Standarte standard König King Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
1929–1937 (?),
Standard of the King,
ratio = 1:1,
Source, by: Flaggenbuch 1939




Flagge Fahne flag Standarte standard König King Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
1937–1941 (?),
Standard of the King,
variant,
ratio = 1:1,
Source, by: Flags of the World



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3.) Socialist Federal Republic Yugoslavia (1946–1992)

Flagge Fahne flag National flag Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
National flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)




Flagge Fahne merchant flag Merchant flag Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
Merchant flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)




Flagge Fahne naval flag Naval flag Jugoslawien navy Yugoslavia
1946–1992,
Naval flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flaggen und Wappen




Flagge Fahne honour flag navy Naval flag Ehrenflagge Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
Honour flag of the navy,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World




Flagge Fahne flag Grenzschutz Border Guard Patrol Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
1956–1992
Flag of the Border Guard,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World




Flagge Fahne flag Naval jack navy naval jack Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
Naval jack,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World




Flagge Fahne flag Präsident president Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
1963–1992,
Standard of the President,
ratio = 1:1,
Source, by: Flaggen und Wappen




Flagge Fahne flag Oberkommandierender Streitkräfte Jugoslawien Supreme Commander Armed Forces Yugoslavia
Standard of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World



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3.1.) Federal staates of the SFR Yugoslavia (to 1992)

Flagge Fahne flag National flag Serbien und Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro
Flag of Serbia and Montenegro,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wappen und Flaggen aller Nationen




Flagge Fahne flag National flag Kroatien Croatia
Flag of Croatia,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wappen und Flaggen aller Nationen




Flagge Fahne flag National flag Slowenien Slovenia
Flag of Slovenia,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wappen und Flaggen aller Nationen




Flagge Fahne flag National flag Bosnien-Herzegowina Bosnia-Hercegovina
Flag of Bosnia-Hercegovina,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wappen und Flaggen aller Nationen




Flagge Fahne flag National flag Makedonien Macedonia
Flag of Macedonia,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wappen und Flaggen aller Nationen



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Meaning/Origin of the Flag

The flag of the in 1918 founded Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929), showed the colors blue, white and red (Pan-Slavic Colours) in an horizontal arrangement. The naval and war flag showed also the middle coat of arms of the country. About the flag of the king we will find contradictory informations and different versions. As a relatively safe is a blue-white-red square flag with the great coat of arms of the country in the middle. It showed on the edge the characteristic edge of triangles known from the flags of the Habsburg monarchy, what had survived in the flags of the heads of state of some successor states of Yugoslavia until today. At least one source, the flag book of the High Command of the German Navy of 1939, shows another motif in the middle of the flag for the thirties of that century, a double-headed silvery eagle below a completely different shaped crown, with a blazon on the chest, which showed instead of the symbolism of Bosnia that of Slovenia (Krain). After all, it is possible that this design was introduced in 1929, when the country was renamed in "Yugoslavia". Another, allegedly in 1937 introduced flag of the king shows in addition to the slightly altered triangle-edge now a purple background, in the middle of it a large silvery cross and on it an in its shape changed silvery eagle under the usual crown, with the usual blazon on the chest. The Yugoslav state disintegrates during the Second World War (1941) into three states (Serbia, Croatia and Montenegro), and large territories were ceded to neighbouring countries. In November 1945 the communist partisans of Josip Broz Tito had exulted in the civil war against monarchists, republicans and nationalists, and proclaimed the "Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia". The Tito partisans used since 1941 a golden bordered five-pointed red star, which replaced on 21st of January 1946 the until that point of time used coat of arms. On 17th of April in 1963 the country was renamed into "Socialistic Federative Republic of Yugoslavia". The flag however remained unchanged. With the collapse of the socialist system, Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and Bosnia-Hercegovina left the Yugoslav state between 1991 and 1992. On 27th of April in 1992 the two remaining states Serbia and Montenegro joined together to form the "Federative Republic of Yugoslavia", and the red star was removed from the national flag without substitution and a new coat of arms was further adopted. Since 2003 the country was called "Federal Republic of Serbia and Montenegro". On 3rd of June in 2006, the country ended with the withdrawal of Montenegro. The membering countries of Yugoslavia always used the Panslavic Colours in their respective national flag, but there were in use – depending on the political system – either a coat of arms or a red star in the middle of the flag. Only Bosnia-Hercegovina and Macedonia used in the times of the socialistic Yugoslavia an in an other way designed flag. Many Slavic nations created their own flags in the 19th century – in context with a growing Slavic nationalism. The Panslavism played an important roll, a political movement of the 18th/19th century, which would unite all Slavs in one nation. The most Slavic nations however lived in this times under Austrian, Turkish or even German rule. The Panslavism saw in Russia a model, because the Russians were nearly the only free Slavic nation. In this way the colours of the Russian flag became to an idol of the Panslavists, and in the end even a colour's pattern for the designing of the flags of many Slavic nations. Those flags carried and carry except few exceptions the Russian colours white, blue and red as mutual attribute. From there this colour's combination is called "Panslavic Colours". Serbia had in 1830 thrown off the Ottoman yoke, and adoped in 1835 a red-blue-white flag. Montenegro (an initially pure Serbian state`s foundation) used since 1852, when it became independent from the Ottoman Empire, initially a red flag with a silvery eagle on it. In the year 1860 Montenegro had abolished the red flag with the eagle and adoped the flag of Serbia. For the introduction of the Serbian flag with the Russian colours is occasionally telled a real concrete reason: The colours have been adoped as gratitude for the Russian help in arms for the Serbs in the struggles for freedom against the Turks.

Source: Die Welt der Flaggen, Flaggenbuch 1939, Flaggen Wappen Hymnen

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Last used coat of arms


Wappen coat of arms Jugoslawien Serbien und Montenegro Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro
1992–2006,
Coat of arms of Yugoslavia
(since 2003: Serbia and Montenegro),
Source, by: Corel Draw 4

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Historical Coats of Arms


Wappen coat of arms Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
1918–1941,
Coat of arms of Yugoslavia,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)


Wappen coat of arms Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
1943–1946,
Coat of arms of Yugoslavia (in underground),
Source, by: Corel Draw 4, Wikipedia (EN)


Wappen coat of arms Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
1946–1963,
Coat of arms of Yugoslavia,
Source, by: Corel Draw 4, Wikipedia (EN)


Wappen coat of arms Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
1963–1992,
Coat of arms of Yugoslavia,
Source, by: Corel Draw 4, Wikipedia (EN)

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Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of the in 1918 established "Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes" – which was renamed in 1929 into "Kingdom of Yugoslavia" – showed the silvery Serbian double-eagle on red ground, because the Kings of Serbia were at the same time the Kings of Yugoslavia. The eagle carrys a half clefted and half divided breast-shield with the heraldry of Serbia (cross with fire steels), Croatia (white-red chessed) and Slovenia (half-moon with three stars). Above the shield the Yugoslav crown. The coat of arms of the socialistic Yugoslavia showed six torchs, which stood for the individual partial states of the country. Until 1963 there were only five torchs which stood for the five nations of the country. Above the torchs the five-point, gold-rimmed red star of the Tito-Partisans, the sign of communism. The torchs are surround by an ear wreath, which is bond by a blue ribbon. The ribbon carrys in the middle the date 29th of November in 1943. On this day was established the communist people's liberation committee. The until the end of Yugoslavia (since 2003 Federal Republic of Serbia and Montenegro) used coat of arms showed again the Serbian (Yugoslav) double-eagle. The quartered shield on its chest combined the heraldry of Serbia (cross with fire-steels) and of Montenegro (golden gradient lion).

Source: Flaggen Wappen Hymnen, Wikipedia (EN)

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Aircraft Roundel

Flugzeugkokarde Kokarde aircraft roundel Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
1929–1941,
Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)


Flugzeugkokarde Kokarde aircraft roundel Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
1945–1992,
Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)


Flugzeugkokarde Kokarde aircraft roundel Jugoslawien Yugoslavia
1992–2006,
Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)

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Map

The countries of the former Yugoslavia:
interaktive Landkarte - interactive map
Map: Volker Preuß

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Numbers and Facts

Area: 98.766 square miles

Inhabitants: 22.800.000 (1981), thereof 35 % Serbs, 19 % Croats, 8 % Bosniaks, 8 % Slovenes, 7 % Albanians, 6 % Macedonians, 3 % Montenegran Serbs, 2 % Hungarians

Density of Population: 230 inh./sq.mi.

Capital: Beograd (German: Belgrad), 1.460.000 inh. (1981)

official Language: Serbian/Croatian

other Languages: Albanian, German

Currency: 1 Yugoslav Dinar = 100 Para

Time Zone: GMT + 1 h

Source: Länder der Erde, Wikipedia (D)

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History

1830 · Serbia is irrevocably independent from Ottoman Empire

1852 · Montenegro is independent

1878 · Congress of Berlin, the independence for Serbia and Montenegro is confirmed

1918 · breakdown of the Habsburg's monarchy in result of the First World War

1st of December in 1918 · Slovenes, Croats, Serbs and Montenegrins join into the "Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes", Bosnia-Hercegovina and Macedonia become provinces, first King is Peter I. from the Serbian royal House Karadjordjevic

1921 · King Alexander I. succeeds Peter I. on the throne

1929 · King Alexander I. establishes a military dictatorship, the state is renamed into "Kingdom of Yugoslavia"

1934 · King Alexander I. gets murderd in Marseille, successor is Peter II.

25th of March in 1941 · Yugoslavia declares its joining to the Axis Mights (axis), because of that coup d'état of Serbian military officers under General Simovic, the joining to the "axis" is revoked

6th of April in 1941 · invasion of German and Italian troops

17th of April in 1941 · capitulation of Yugoslavia, Yugoslavia becomes dissolved: the King escapes into exile, some territories have to cede territories to neighbouring states (Macedonia, Kosovo, Banat and Slovenia), the Province of Bosnia-Hercegovina gets incorporated into Croatia, Croatia and Montenegro get independent, Serbia comes under German military administration

15th of June in 1941 · Croatia joines to the "axis"

1941–1946 · Yugoslavia is during the Second World War a scene of a merciless partisan and civil war between communists (under J.P.Tito), republicans, monarchists and nationalists, the communists prevailed

29th of November in 1945 · proclamation of the "Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia" by Tito

1945 · "support agreement" with the Soviet Union

1948 · break with the Soviet Union, dismissal of their patronizing, evolution of an own Yugoslav way to socialism

17th of April 1963 · renamed to "Socialistic Federative Republic of Yugoslavia"

4th of May in 1980 · death of J. B. Tito

1981 · riotings of the Albanians in Kosovo, the Albanians claim an autonomous status for the Serbian Province of Kosovo as a republic, the riotings get suppressed

1990 · election of Slobodan Milosevic to the President of Serbia

1990 · abolition of the autonomy status of the Serbian provinces Kosovo and Vojvodina

25th of June in 1991 · Slovenia and Croatia leave Yugoslavia and declaire their independence

21st of November in 1991 · Macedonia leaves Yugoslavia and declares its independence

1st of March in 1992 · Bosnia-Hercegovina leaves Yugoslavia and declares its independence

27th of April in 1992 · Serbia and Montenegro proclaim the "Federal Republic of Yugoslavia"

1991–1995 · war between Yugoslavia and Croatia/Bosnia-Hercegovina

1998 · in Kosovo the UÇK (Albanian Liberation Army of the Kosovo) forces its struggle for the independence of Kosovo, because of the Serbian counteractions many Albanians flee from the Kosovo

1999 · the NATO grasps unilateral party for the UÇK, intervenes in the war against Serbia for its territorial integrity and bombs extendedly Serbian targets in the Kosovo as well as in Serbia itself, occupation of the Kosovo by KFOR-troops of the NATO for "protection against encroachments of Yugoslav troops", assassination and expulsion of the Serbian population from the Kosovo

2000 · elections in Serbia, Vojislav Kostunica becomes successor of Milosevics

28th of June in 2001 · the Serbian government sells Slobodan Milosevic for economical support and several millions of dollars to the UN war crimes tribunal in Den Haag

2002 · the Serbian province Kosovo elects a "President", Ibrahim Rugova

4th of February in 2003 · new constitution, Yugoslavia is superseded by the "Federal Republic of Serbia and Montenegro"

21st of May in 2006 · plebiscite in Montenegro about the separation of Montenegro from Serbia, 55,4% agreement for the dissolution of the confederation

13th of July 2006 · declaration of independence of Montenegro, end of the confederation

Source: Atlas zur Geschichte, Discovery '97, Wikipedia (D)

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