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Newfoundland

 

Contents

Flag

Historical Flags

Meaning/Origin of the Flag

Coat of Arms

Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

Map

Numbers and Facts

History

Origin of the Country's Name

regional Flags

   – Labrador



Flag

Flagge Fahne flag drapeau Kanada Provinz Canada Province Neufundland Newfoundland Terre-Neuve
Flag of the Province of Newfoundland,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Corel Draw 4




Flagge Fahne flag drapeau Kanada Provinz Canada Province Neufundland Newfoundland Terre-Neuve
Flag of the Independence Movement of Newfoundland,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)



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Historical Flags

Flagge Fahne flag drapeau Kanada Provinz Canada Province Neufundland Newfoundland Terre-Neuve
1878–1904,
Flag of the government (state flag),
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag drapeau Kanada Provinz Canada Province Neufundland Newfoundland Terre-Neuve
1904–1931,
Flag of the government (state flag),
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)




Flagge Fahne flag drapeau Kanada Provinz Canada Province Neufundland Newfoundland Terre-Neuve
1904–1931,
unofficial national and merchant flag of the British Dominion of Newfoundland,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)




Flagge Fahne Flag Großbitannien Vereinigtes Königreich United Kingdom UK Great Britain Naval jack jack State flag state
1931–1934,
official state, national and merchant flag of the British Dominion of Newfoundland,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)




Flagge Fahne Flag Großbitannien Vereinigtes Königreich United Kingdom UK Great Britain Naval jack jack State flag state
1934–1980,
Flag of the government (state flag),
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)



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Meaning/Origin of the Flag

The today's flag of Newfoundland was hoisted for the first time on 28th of May in 1980. It is a newer design, because before was in use a Red Ensign with the Union Jack in the upper canton and a badge in the flying end. Probably is this flag a some infelicitous try to create a kind of a new Union Jack, which combines the elements of Ireland, England and Scotland. May be that this is a try to include a colour's sequence in blue, white and red from the left to the right, to accentuate the French element of the province. Until the year 1922 there had officially been used, the British Union Jack, the so-called Royal Union Flag, by the departments of the provinces, or (from 1922 nearly only) the Canadian blue official flag, the typical British Blue Ensign, with the coat of arms of Canada in the flying end. Nevertheless, the provincial authorities had their own seals and later also coats of arms, which were unauthorized placed in the flying end of the blue official flag. A permit should have been approved by the British authorities for this procedure, this was not the case, but was tolerated. Private individuals had to use the Union Jack and from 1892 the so-called Red Ensign, the red version of the Canadian flag with the Union Jack in the upper corner and the coat of arms of Canada in the flying end. They introduced even an own Red Ensign in 1904, which showed the then badge of the province in the flying end. A clear violation of the Ensign system, because a Red Ensign is always awarded by the British Admiralty in addition to the Blue Ensign, and that did not happen. The historical flags of the province follow British specifications due to history. They are: Blue = Pantone 280, Red = Pantone 186, Yellow = Pantone 116. In the course of the gradual separation of Canada from the United Kingdom the ensign system lost its meaning and they created partially new provincial flags, which may be used by authorities and departments of the provinces and also by private individuals. In this way, Newfoundland introduced the current flag in 1980.

Source: Volker Preuß, Flaggen Enzyklopädie, World Statesmen, Die Welt der Flaggen

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Coat of Arms


Wappen blazon coat of arms Kanada Provinz Canada Province Neufundland Newfoundland Terre-Neuve
Escutcheon of Newfoundland,
Source, by: Corel Draw 4

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Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

There is a regular coat of arms for Newfoundland, with a console, shield holders (supporters), withe a crest and the motto. Here is only depicted the central part of the coat of arms, the escutcheon. The escutcheon of Newfoundland is single coloured red, quartered by a white cross, its squares show the golden British lion and the silvery Scottish unicorn. Lion and unicorn are normally the supporters of the Canadian coat of arms and could be borrowed from there. The whole appearance of the scutcheon remembers Danish design, possibly a hint at the early Norman discovery and settlement.

Source: Wikipedia (D)

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Map

interaktive Landkarte
Map: Volker Preuß

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Numbers and Facts

Area: 156.184 square miles

Inhabitants: 521.758 (2021), thereof 98% Anglo-Canadians, 0,4% Franco-Canadians, some native Indians (Algonkin)

Density of Population: 3 inh./sq.mi.

Capital: Saint John's, 108.860 inh. (2016)

official Language: English

Currency: Canadian currency

Time Zone:
on Newfoundland Island: GMT – 3,5 h,
on Labrador Peninsula: GMT – 4 h

Source: Wikipedia (D)

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History

ca. 1000 · the today's Newfoundland gets discovered, and named "Markland" by the Norman Leif Erikson, who debarked there

1497 · Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot), an Italian seafarer in the service of England discovers Labrador, Newfoundland and Cape Breton; Newfoundland becomes well known in Europe in the following years by the abundant fishing areas and as "new found land" (→ Newfoundland), with following settlement by Europeans

1583 · Elisabeth I. Queen of England proclaims the supremacy over Newfoundland

1662 · France establishes a governor on Newfoundland Island (Terre Neuve)

1670 · English furriers establish the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), the HBC colonizes in the afteryears whole Canada between New France, the Rocky Mountains, Labrador and the northern part of the Hudson Bay

1713 · Peace of Utrecht, France has to cede the today's New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Island of Newfoundland to United Kingdom

1763 · Peace of Paris, France has to cede all its north american possessions to United Kingdom (British Northern America), except St. Pierre and Miquelon

1824 · Newfoundland becomes a British crown colony

1839 · start of the research of the Labrador Peninsula by the Hudson's Bay Company

1855 · Newfoundland becomes a British Dominion (colony with own parliament)

1869 · the Hudson's Bay Company cedes all their territorial rights and prerogatives to the British Dominion of Canada

1927 · Newfoundland gets enlarged westward by annexion of parts of the since 1912 to Québec belonging former Ungava Territory (Labrador Peninsula)

1934 · Newfoundland is administrated again by United Kingdom because of economical problems

1939–1945 · the USA build military bases in the British Dominion Newfoundland

31st of March 1949 · Newfoundland joines after plebiscite as 10th province to the State of Canada, the USA military bases stay

2001 · the province is renamed in "Newfoundland and Labrador"

Source: Atlas zur Geschichte, World Statesmen, Wikipedia (D), Discovery '97

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Origin of the Country's Name

After Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot), an Italian navigator in the service of England discovered the coast of Labrador in 1497, the coast of the country became to a destination of many subsequent expeditions, including fishermen. The rich fishing grounds became the center of attraction for English, Portuguese and Spanish fishermen, who made the region known in Europe as close to the "new found land" (→ Newfoundland).

Source: Volker Preuß

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