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- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Canadian province
- own names:
– English: Newfoundland and Labrador
– French: Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador
• Flag
• Historical Flags
• Meaning/Origin of the Flag
• Coat of Arms
• Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms
• Map
• Numbers and Facts
• History
• Origin of the Country's Name
• regional Flags
– Labrador
Flag of the Province of Newfoundland,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Corel Draw 4
Flag of the Independence Movement of Newfoundland,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)
1878–1904,
Flag of the government (state flag),
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by:
World Statesmen
1904–1931,
Flag of the government (state flag),
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by:
Wikipedia (D)
1904–1931,
unofficial national and merchant flag of the British Dominion of Newfoundland,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by:
Wikipedia (D)
1931–1934,
official state, national and merchant flag of the British Dominion of Newfoundland,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by:
Wikipedia (D)
1934–1980,
Flag of the government (state flag),
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by:
Wikipedia (D)
The today's flag of Newfoundland was hoisted for the first time on 28th of May in 1980. It is a newer design, because before was in use a Red Ensign with the Union Jack in the upper canton and a badge in the flying end. Probably is this flag a some infelicitous try to create a kind of a new Union Jack, which combines the elements of Ireland, England and Scotland. May be that this is a try to include a colour's sequence in blue, white and red from the left to the right, to accentuate the French element of the province. Until the year 1922 there had officially been used, the British Union Jack, the so-called Royal Union Flag, by the departments of the provinces, or (from 1922 nearly only) the Canadian blue official flag, the typical British Blue Ensign, with the coat of arms of Canada in the flying end. Nevertheless, the provincial authorities had their own seals and later also coats of arms, which were unauthorized placed in the flying end of the blue official flag. A permit should have been approved by the British authorities for this procedure, this was not the case, but was tolerated. Private individuals had to use the Union Jack and from 1892 the so-called Red Ensign, the red version of the Canadian flag with the Union Jack in the upper corner and the coat of arms of Canada in the flying end. They introduced even an own Red Ensign in 1904, which showed the then badge of the province in the flying end. A clear violation of the Ensign system, because a Red Ensign is always awarded by the British Admiralty in addition to the Blue Ensign, and that did not happen. The historical flags of the province follow British specifications due to history. They are: Blue = Pantone 280, Red = Pantone 186, Yellow = Pantone 116. In the course of the gradual separation of Canada from the United Kingdom the ensign system lost its meaning and they created partially new provincial flags, which may be used by authorities and departments of the provinces and also by private individuals. In this way, Newfoundland introduced the current flag in 1980.
Source:
Volker Preuß,
Flaggen Enzyklopädie,
World Statesmen,
Die Welt der Flaggen
Escutcheon of Newfoundland,
Source, by:
Corel Draw 4
There is a regular coat of arms for Newfoundland, with a console, shield holders (supporters), withe a crest and the motto. Here is only depicted the central part of the coat of arms, the escutcheon. The escutcheon of Newfoundland is single coloured red, quartered by a white cross, its squares show the golden British lion and the silvery Scottish unicorn. Lion and unicorn are normally the supporters of the Canadian coat of arms and could be borrowed from there. The whole appearance of the scutcheon remembers Danish design, possibly a hint at the early Norman discovery and settlement.
Source:
Wikipedia (D)
Map:
Volker Preuß
Area: 156.184 square miles
Inhabitants: 521.758 (2021), thereof 98% Anglo-Canadians, 0,4% Franco-Canadians, some native Indians (Algonkin)
Density of Population: 3 inh./sq.mi.
Capital: Saint John's, 108.860 inh. (2016)
official Language: English
Currency: Canadian currency
Time Zone:
on Newfoundland Island: GMT – 3,5 h,
on Labrador Peninsula: GMT – 4 h
Source:
Wikipedia (D)
ca. 1000 · the today's Newfoundland gets discovered, and named "Markland" by the Norman Leif Erikson, who debarked there
1497 · Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot), an Italian seafarer in the service of England discovers Labrador, Newfoundland and Cape Breton; Newfoundland becomes well known in Europe in the following years by the abundant fishing areas and as "new found land" (→ Newfoundland), with following settlement by Europeans
1583 · Elisabeth I. Queen of England proclaims the supremacy over Newfoundland
1662 · France establishes a governor on Newfoundland Island (Terre Neuve)
1670 · English furriers establish the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), the HBC colonizes in the afteryears whole Canada between New France, the Rocky Mountains, Labrador and the northern part of the Hudson Bay
1713 · Peace of Utrecht, France has to cede the today's New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and the Island of Newfoundland to United Kingdom
1763 · Peace of Paris, France has to cede all its north american possessions to United Kingdom (British Northern America), except St. Pierre and Miquelon
1824 · Newfoundland becomes a British crown colony
1839 · start of the research of the Labrador Peninsula by the Hudson's Bay Company
1855 · Newfoundland becomes a British Dominion (colony with own parliament)
1869 · the Hudson's Bay Company cedes all their territorial rights and prerogatives to the British Dominion of Canada
1927 · Newfoundland gets enlarged westward by annexion of parts of the since 1912 to Québec belonging former Ungava Territory (Labrador Peninsula)
1934 · Newfoundland is administrated again by United Kingdom because of economical problems
1939–1945 · the USA build military bases in the British Dominion Newfoundland
31st of March 1949 · Newfoundland joines after plebiscite as 10th province to the State of Canada, the USA military bases stay
2001 · the province is renamed in "Newfoundland and Labrador"
Source:
Atlas zur Geschichte,
World Statesmen,
Wikipedia (D),
Discovery '97
After Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot), an Italian navigator in the service of England discovered the coast of Labrador in 1497, the coast of the country became to a destination of many subsequent expeditions, including fishermen. The rich fishing grounds became the center of attraction for English, Portuguese and Spanish fishermen, who made the region known in Europe as close to the "new found land" (→ Newfoundland).
Source:
Volker Preuß