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Lebanon

 

Contents

Flags

historical Flags

Meaning/Origin of the Flag

Coat of Arms

Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

Aircraft Roundel

Maps

Numbers and Facts

History

Origin of the Country's Name



Flags

Flagge Fahne flag Nationalflagge Handelsflagge Marineflagge national merchant naval flag Libanon Lebanon Lubnan
National, merchant and naval flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of all Nations




Flagge Fahne flag Nationalflagge Handelsflagge Marineflagge national merchant naval flag Libanon Lebanon Lubnan
Jack,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of all Nations




Flagge Fahne flag Libanon Lebanon Lubnan Drusen Druze
Flag of Druze,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (DE)



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historical Flags

Flagge Fahne flag Osmanisches Reich Ottoman Empire
1516–1920, officially,
Flag of the Ottoman Empire




Flagge Fahne flag Libanon Lebanon Lubnan
ca.1697–1842,
Flag of the Chehab Emirate,
Source, by: Flags of the World




Flagge Fahne flag Libanon Lebanon Lubnan
1861–1920,
Flag of the Governor,
Source, by: Nationalflaggen der Welt, Die Welt der Flaggen




Flagge Fahne flag Libanon Lebanon Lubnan
Juli bis August 1920,
Flag of the French Mandate Administration,
Source, by: Flags of the World




Flagge Fahne flag Libanon Lebanon Lubnan
1920–1943,
National flag,
Source, by: Wikipedia (DE), Flaggenbuch 1939




Flagge Fahne flag Libanon Lebanon Lubnan
1943–1995,
National, merchant and naval flag,
Source, by: Flaggen und Wappen



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Meaning/Origin of the Flag

The today's flag was introduced on the 7th of December in 1943 and in 1995 changed a little bit. It shows since then three horizontal stripes in red, white and red with a green cedar (until 1995 it was natural coloured) in the double broad, white, middle-stripe.

The cedar symbolizes sanctity, eternity and peace. The colour red stands for self-sacrifice and magnanimity and white stands for peace.

The cedar is indeed a typical tree of the Mediterranean region, but the cedars of Lebanon apply as holy and have been known already in the times of King Salomo. The image of a cedar was already in use since 1862 in the white flag of the Christian Territorial Governor under the Turks.

During the period when the country belonged to the Ottoman Empire, de jure between 1516 and 1920, its symbolism was officially used. The Christian Maronites had the right of a kind of self-government, which was in the hands of the Chehab Dynasty between 1697 and 1842, which showed a white crescent on a blue background on the flag, even though the members of the Chehab family meanwhile had become Christians.

As French mandate territory of the League of Nations used Lebanon between 1920 and 1943 the French Tricolor with the cedar in the middle of the white field.

Source: Wikipedia (DE), Wappen und Flaggen aller Nationen, Nationalflaggen der Welt, Die Welt der Flaggen

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Coat of Arms


Wappen coat of arms Libanon Lebanon
coat of arms of Lebanon,
Source, by: Die Welt der Flaggen

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Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

Officially Lebanon has none coat of arms. In the case of requirement is in use since the twenties of the 19th century a to the flag similar emblem. That emblem shows a blazon in red, over there a silvery diagonal bar and in its middle an natural coloured cedar.

Source: Flaggen und Wappen der Welt

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Aircraft Roundel


Aircraft Roundel Lebanon
Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)

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Maps


Quelle/Source: CIA World Factbook


Quelle/Source: CIA World Factbook

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Numbers and Facts

Area: 4.035 square miles

Inhabitants: 6.800.000 (2020), thereof 95% Arabs, 4% Armenians, 1% Kurds and other

Religions: 54% Muslim, 41% Christian, 5% Druze

Density of Population: 1.685 inh./sq.mi.

Capital: Beirut, 2.332.000 inh. (2017)

official Language: Arabic

other Languages: French, Armenian, Arameïc

Currency: 1 Lebanese Pound (LBP, L£) = 100 Piastres

Time Zone: GMT + 2 h

Source: Wikipedia (D)

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History

1200–900 B.C. · settlement by Phoenicians

63 B.C. · the today's Lebanon comes to the Roman Empire

ca. 70 A.D. · expansion of the Christianity

395 · at the partition of the Roman Empire the today's Lebanon comes to the East Roman Empire (Byzantium)

643 · the region of the today's Lebanon becomes conquered by the Arabic Califate, partial islamization

1020 · establishment the sect of the Druses

1097 · christian crusaders conquer the region of the today's Lebanon and establish in the north the County of Tripolis, the south comes to the crusader's Kingdom of Yerusalem

1291 · the crusaders get banished out of Beirut and Sidon, end of the christian reign

1516 · the region of the today's Lebanon becomes conquered by the Ottoman Empire

1799 · France under Napoléon Bonaparte attempts fruitless to conquer Lebanon, advance from south only up to Akkon (Akka)

1840 · civil war between Druses and Lebanese Christians (Maronites), France declares the patronage over the Maronites

1860 · military intervention of France, the Ottoman Empire has to accept from 1862 a christian governor with a indecisive autonomy in Tripolis

1914–1918 · First World War: 1916 France claims Lebanon, 1917–1918 from the south invade British troops into the Lebanon, October 1918 landing of French troops in Beirut

1920 · Syria , Palestina, Transjordan and Iraq become separated out of the territory of the Ottoman Empire as prospective mandate's territories of the League of Nations and partly United Kingdom and partly France subordinated → whole Syria (and in this way Lebanon) becomes occupied by France

1923 · Syria (and in this way Lebanon) becomes declared officially a French mandate's territory of the League of Nations

1926 · France separates Lebanon from Syria, it gets an own government

1939–1945 · Second World War: Lebanon stands initially on the side of the French government in Vichy, 1941 invasion of British and "free" French troops

26th of November 1941 · Lebanon gets formally declared as independent

1943 · Lebanon gets a constitution, the „national pact“

1944 · the mandate of the League of Nations becomes dissolved

1946 · withdrawal of the British and French troops, full sovereignty

1958 · US-American military intervention

1967 · strong influx of from Palestina fleeing Arabs (Palestinians)

1975 · onset of the civil war

1976 · invasion of Syrian troops, occupation of large parts of the country

1978 · Israel invades into the south of the Lebanon

1982 · Israel invades into the Lebanon and advances to Beirut

1985 · withdrawal of the Israeli troops out of Lebanon, except a slender security zone in the south of the country

1987 · Syrian troops march onto Beirut

1990 · constitutional reform

1991 · disarmament of the civil war parties, end of the civil war

1993 · Israeli military intervention

1996 · Israeli military intervention

2000 · withdrawal of Israel out of the south Lebanese security zone

2005 · withdrawal of the Syrian troops from Lebanon

August 2006 · Israeli troops invade in Lebanon, in 34 days of war there was no success to weaken the Hisbolla Militia, the south of Lebanon becomes appreciably destroyed by the campaigns of the Israeli

Source: Atlas zur Geschichte, Wikipedia (D), Discovery '97

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Origin of the Country's Name

The name "Lebanon" goes back to the Arabic word for the colour white ("loubnan"). The through the whole country reaching mountains are the "Jabal loubnan", the "White Mountains", the "Lebanon Mountains".

Source: Handbuch der geographischen Namen

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