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Turkmenistan

 

Contents

Flags

Historical Flags

Meaning/Origin of the Flag

Coat of Arms

Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

Aircraft Roundel

Map

Numbers and Facts

History

Origin of the Country's Name



Flags

Flagge Fahne flag National flag State flag National flag national Turkmenistan Turkmenien Turkménistan
since 2001,
National, state, merchant and war flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Orange Tuesday,
Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons




Flagge Fahne flag Präsident president Turkmenistan Turkmenien Turkménistan
Flag ot the President,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World, histor. Abb./Pic.,
NikNaks talk, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons




Flagge Fahne flag Heer Army Turkmenistan Turkmenien Turkménistan
Flag ot the Army,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Fry1989, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons




Flagge Fahne flag Luftwaffe Air Force Turkmenistan Turkmenien Turkménistan
Flag ot the Air Force,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: SiBr4, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons




Flagge Fahne flag Marine Navy Turkmenistan Turkmenien Turkménistan
Flag ot the Navy,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Fry1989, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons



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Historical Flags

Flagge Fahne flag Khanat Buchara Khanate of Bukhara
19th–20th century,
Flag of the Khan of Bukhara,
Source, by: Flags of the World


Flagge Fahne flag Khanat Chiwa Khanate of Khiva
1873–1884,
Flag of the Khanate of Khiva,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)




Flagge Fahne flag Russland Russia
1884–1918,
Flag of Russia,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (DE)




Flagge Fahne flag Turkestan Turkistan Turkestanische Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Turkestan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic
1919–1921,
Flag of the Turkestan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World




Flagge Fahne flag Turkestan Turkistan Turkestanische Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Turkestan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic
1921–1924,
Flag of the Turkestan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World




Flagge Fahne flag Turkestan Turkistan Turkestanische Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Turkestan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic
1926–1929,
Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Turkestan Turkistan Turkestanische Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Turkestan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic
1929–1937,
Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Turkestan Turkistan Turkestanische Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Turkestan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic
1929–1937, Variante – Variant (?),
Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Turkestan Turkistan Turkestanische Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Turkestan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic
1937–1940,
Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Turkestan Turkistan Turkestanische Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Turkestan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic
1940–1953,
Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Turkestan Turkistan Turkestanische Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Turkestan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic
1953–1974,
Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Turkestan Turkistan Turkestanische Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Turkestan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic
1974–1992,
Flag of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag National flag State flag National flag national Turkmenistan Turkmenien Turkménistan
1992–1997,
National, state, merchant and war flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World,
Orange Tuesday, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons




Flagge Fahne flag National flag State flag National flag national Turkmenistan Turkmenien Turkménistan
1997–2001,
National, state, merchant and war flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World,
Orange Tuesday, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons



look also:
Flag history of the soviet republics of the USSR


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Meaning/Origin of the Flag

The flag of Turkmenistan was introduced on 19th of February in 1992, according to other sources on 21st of March in 1992, at that time still in the, in the Soviet Union usual, aspect ratio of 1:2, since 24th of January in 2001 it has had the aspect ratio of 2:3. It consists of a green flag bunting with a vertical ornamental stripe near the mast, on it five richly decorated symbols and two crossed olive branches, and in the upper corner of the large green field, a white crescent with five stars. The five richly decorated ornaments placed in the vertical stripe are carpet patterns, so-called göls. They are tribal signs (of the Teke, Ýomut, Saryk, Çowdur and Ärsary tribes) and symbols of sovereignty. The green is supposedly reminiscent of the old flags of the Turkic Tatars, which should have been used as early as the 4th century BC. The colour white represents cheerfulness and goodness. The white crescent embodies the Turkmen people's belief in a clear future. The five stars next to the crescent represent the five regions of the country (Ahal, Balkan, Taschaus, Lebap and Maryl). The colour green and the use of the crescent moon also clearly reveal Islamic symbolism. In 1997 the flag was changed a little when two crossed olive branches were added below the five carpet patterns, because on 1st of February in 1997 a law was passed that required the representation of the strict neutrality policy that the country has been pursuing since 1995 on the flag. The shades of the colours of the flag seem to be defined, at least the following colour information can be found, even in the Pantone color spectrum: Green = Pantone 348 C, Red = Pantone 1795 C and Yellow = Pantone 123 C. The flags, which were used in the Soviet era corresponded all to the same pattern as it was intended for the Soviet Republics: frequently only a single-coloured red bunting with a golden inscription, showing the name of the country. Sometimes only as a shortcut, sometimes the full name, sometimes only in Russian or even multilingual. From about 1937 hammer, sickle and star were sometimes added. From about the mid-50s multicolored flags were introduced for the republics of the Soviet Union, whose knitting patterns had to be taken over by the subordinated autonomous Soviet republics.

Source: Flags of the World, Wikipedia (EN), Flaggen und Coat of arms of the Welt, Flaggen Enzyklopädie, Flaggen-Atlas Erde, Volker Preuß

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Coat of Arms


Wappen coat of arms Badge Abzeichen Emblem Turkmenistan Turkmenien Turkménistan
since 2003,
Coat of arms of Turkmenistan,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Wikipedia (DE)


Wappen coat of arms Badge Abzeichen Emblem Turkmenistan Turkmenien Turkménistan
1992–2002,
Coat of arms of Turkmenistan,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Wikipedia (DE)


Wappen coat of arms Badge Abzeichen Emblem Turkmenistan Turkmenien Turkménistan
2002–2003,
Coat of arms of Turkmenistan,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Wikipedia (DE)

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Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

The todays national coat of arms of Turkmenistan was introduced in 2003. It shows a green octagon. Inside is a red disk surrounded by seven cotton flowers, two ears of wheat and the crescent with five stars. On the disk, the five carpet patterns that can also be seen on the flag are arranged in a circle around a blue disk with a horse. The white crescent embodies the Turkmen people's belief in a clear future. The five stars next to the crescent represent the five regions of the country (Ahal, Balkan, Taschaus, Lebap and Maryl). The colour green and the use of the crescent moon also clearly reveal Islamic symbolism. The arrangement of the carpet patterns is reminiscent of a five-pointed star, the points of which represent the five states of matter: solid, gaseous, liquid, crystalline and plasmic. The horse is an "Ahaltekine horse", an ancient breed of riding horses bred here. It embodies the longing and pride of the country's residents. The name of the breed is derived from the Akhal Teke oasis. The first coat of arms, used between 1992 and 2002, was round and was already similar to today's coat of arms, but the color green was almost completely omitted. The coat of arms used between 2002 and 2003 was already very similar to today's coat of arms, but a green disk was used instead of the green octagon.

Source: Wikipedia (DE), Flaggen und Coat of arms of the Welt, Flaggen Enzyklopädie, Volker Preuß

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Aircraft Roundel


Flugzeugkokarde Kokarde aircraft roundel kockade Turkmenistan Turkmenien Turkménistan
Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)

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Map

Location:

Source: CIA World Factbook

Map of the country:

Source: CIA World Factbook

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Numbers and Facts

Area: 188.455 square miles

Inhabitants: 7.057.841 (2022), thereof 77% Turkmens, 9% Uzbeks, 7% Russians, 2% Kazakhs, 1% Tatars, 5% Aserbaidshans, Beluchians, Armenians, Ukrainians, Koreans, Todjiks

Religions: 90% Muslims (mostly Sunnis), 9% Russian Orthodox, 1% Jews, Catholics, Protestants, Baha'is and non-religious

Density of Population: 37 inh./sq.mi.

Capital: Ashgabat (name to 1927: Poltoratsk), 1.030.063 inh. (2022)

official Language: Turkmen

other Languages: Russian, Turkish, English

Currency: 1 Manat (TMT) = 100 Tenge

Time Zone: GMT + 5 h

Source: Wikipedia (DE)

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History

5th century · immigration of Turk nations

8th century · islamization by invading Arabs

15th century · migration of Uzbeks (named after Ösbek Khan, a ruler of the Golden Horde) under the leadership of Abulkhair Khan

1500 · Shaybani Khan (grandson of Abulkhair) conquers Bukhara and Samarkand and takes over the rule in Maverannah, establishment of the Khanate of Bukhara

18th century · in the region of the course of the Amudarya River under control of the Chanates of Bukhara and Khiva

1855 · the federation of the Tekke Turkmans declares its independence, establishment of the Chanate of Merv

1869–1885 · gradually Russian conquest, establishment of the Transcaspian Gouvernement

1917 · bolshevist coup d’état in Russia

April 1918 · Bolshevists proclaim the Turkestanian Autonomous Soviet Republic

July 1918 to Januar 1920 · Turkmenian state in Ashkhabat

1920 · re-conquest by soviet troops

27th of October 1924 · dissolution of the Turkestanian Autonomous Soviet Republic, proclamation of the Turkmenian Socialistic Soviet Republic (TSSR)

13th of May in 1925 · joining of the TSSR to the Soviet Union

1929 · introduction of the Latin typeface

1940 · introduction of the cyrillic typeface

22nd of August 1990 · Turkmenistan declares its sovereignty

27th of October 1991 · Turkmenistan declares its independence, re-introduction of the Latin typeface, joining to the CIS

1992 · new constitution, single-party-sytem under Saparmyrat Nyýazow

2006 · death of Nyýazow, wary reforms

Source: Atlas zur Geschichte, Wikipedia (D), World Statesmen, Discovery '97, Volker Preuß

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Origin of the Country's Name

The name "Turkmenistan" is derived from its residents, the Turkmens (as well Turkomans). They call themselves "Tyrkmen". This denomination is to translate with "The real Strong". Turkmenian belongs to the western group of the Turk languages. The Turkmen are subdivided in many tribes, e.g. Tekke, Yomud, Ersary, Chaudor, Salor, Saryk, Goeklen. The name "Turkmenia" is obsolete.

Source: Atlas der wahren Namen, Die Völker der Erde, Volker Preuß

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