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Chile

• Republic of Chile
• presidial republic
• own name: República de Chile

Contents

• Flags

• Historical Flags

• regional Flags:

   – Mapuche (Araucanians)

   – Easter Island

• Meaning/Origin of the Flag

• Coat of Arms

• Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

• Aircraft Roundel

• Map

• Numbers and Facts

• History

• Origin of the Country's Name

Flags

National, merchant and naval flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Corel Draw 4





Naval jack,
ratio = 1:1,
Source, by: Flags of the World





Flag of the President,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flaggen und Wappen, Flags of the World





Flag for Emissaries and Division Generals,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Die Welt im bunten Flaggenbild, Flags of the World





Flag for Secretaries, Director-Generals of Provinces and Brigade Generals,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Die Welt im bunten Flaggenbild, Flags of the World

Historical Flags

1535–1785,
Flag of the Viceroyalty of Peru and naval and war flag,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)





1785–1817,
Flag of Spain and flag of the Viceroyalty of Peru,
Source, by: World Statesmen





1812–1814,
Flag of the "Patria Vieja",
Source, by: Flags of the World





1817,
National flag,
Source, by: Flags of the World





1817–1826,
National, merchant and naval flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (ES)





1826–1854,
National and merchant flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (ES)





18th cent.,
historical flag fo the Araucan Nations (Mapuche),
Source, by: Mark Twain: "Reise um die Welt", 1897, Wikipedia (ES)

Regional Flags

Flag fo the Mapuche Indian people,
Source, by: Huhsunqu, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons





Flag of Easter Island, (← for Details, click or tap here),
ratio = 3:5,
Source, by: World Statesmen

Meaning/Origin of the Flag

The today's flag of Chile was introduced in 1854. It shows two horizontal stripes in white and red, and in the white stripe near the pole a blue square with a white five jagged star. The red stand for the blood, which was shed for the achievement of the independence, the white for the snow on the peaks of the Andes, and the blue for the heaven above Chile. The white star is interpreted as freedom star, and stands for the honor of the land and the progress, too. The flag pictures a simplifyed form of the US-american "Stars and Stripes", and should, after its designing by the US-american painter Charles Wood, be given in order by the war minister Zenteno. Between 1817 and 1854, the blue top corner was a rectangle, not a square, and the star was slightly rotated. For civil use there was an additional version of the flag between 1826 and 1854, which only showed a plain blue upper corner without a star. The colors given for the flags today are: red = pt 485, blue = pt 286 and white.

The first Chilean flag was introduced on 27th of October in 1812, after the Spanish rule was eliminated after riots for the first time. It showed three horizontal stripes in blue, white and yellow. In 1814 Spain had the country but again under its control. A second time Chile shook off the Spanish rule in 1817, and introduced a new flag. It showed three horizontal stripes in blue, white and red, and was in use until the introduction of the today's flag for one year.

Source: Flaggen Wappen Hymnen, Alle Flaggen alle Staaten, Wikipedia (ES), Flags of the World

Coat of Arms

Coat of arms of Chile,
Source, by: Corel Draw 4

Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

The coat of arms was adoped in 1834, and shows the colors of the flag. It was designed by war-minister Zenteno. Below the shield is placed a banner with a saying, from the times of the fight against the Spanish descending motto: "Por la Razon o la Fuerza" => "With reason or violence". Shield holders are a deer of the Andes (Huemul) and a condor.

Source: Flaggen Wappen Hymnen

Aircraft Roundel

Aircraft roundel of Chile,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)



Chilean aircraft roundel for Naval Aviation,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)

Map

Location:

Source: CIA World Factbook

Map of the country:

Source: CIA World Factbook

Numbers and Facts

Area: 291.931 square miles (including the Juan Fernández Islands, the Desventuradas Islands, Sala y Gómez and Easter Island => total 123 sq.mi.)

Inhabitants: 17.574.000 (2017), thereof ca. 60% Europeans (thereof ca. 90.000 Germans), ca. 30% Mestizos, ca. 7% native Indians (Araucanians)

Religions: 57% Roman Catholic, 13% Protestant, 25% Non-religious

Density of Population: 60 inh./sq.mi.

Capital: Santiago de Chile, 5.220.161 inh. (2017)

official Language: Spanish

other Languages: Mapuche, Aymara, locally German (e.g. Puerto Montt)

Currency: 1 Chilean Peso (chil$, CLP) = 100 Centavos

Time Zone: GMT – 4 h (on the mainland)

Source: Wikipedia (D), Wikipedia (ES)

History

13.000 B.C. · First settlement

1470–1532 · the north of today's Chile is part of the Inca Empire

1520 · the Portuguese seafarer Ferdinand Magellan discoveres the Strait of Magellan in today's southern Chile

1535–1540 · Spanish conquest under Diego de Almagro

1541 · Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago

1542 · annexation of the north of today's Chile to the Viceroyalty of Peru as a province,

Araucania – the south of today's Chile – remains under the domination of the Indians (Araucana)

1609 · Chile becomes a captaincy general within the viceroyalty of Peru

1778 · Chile becomes an independently captaincy general under the Spanish crown

1808 · Joseph, the brother of Napoléon Bonaparte, ascends the Spanish throne

1810 · Chile declares loyal to the deposed Spanish King Ferdinand VII. and proclaimes themselves an autonomous province within the Spanish kingdom, and a little later as fully independent ("Patria Vieja")

1813–1814 · Spanish War of Independence, restoring of the the legitim monarchy and attempt to recover Chile by military means

1818 · anti-Spanish revolt, in the Battle of Maipú defeat of the Spanish

12th of February in 1818 · Chile declares its independence from Spain

1836–1839 · victorious war against Bolivia and Peru

1861 · conquest of Araucania

1865–1871 · Spanish-South American War

1879–1884 · victorious war against Bolivia and Peru (Niter War) => win of territorities in the north

1883 · complete annexation of Araucania

1891 · civil war

1893–1902 · border dispute with Argentina

1924–1932 · dictatorship

1934 · uprising of the Mapuche Indians

1944 · entry into the Second World War on the side of the Allies

1945 · founding member of the UN

1948 · accession to the OAS

1970 · electional victory of the Unidad Popular (UP), a party with a socialist program, Salvador Allende becomes president

1973 · military coup, led by General Augusto Pinochet

1973–1989 · Pinochet dictatorship

1978 · border dispute with Argentina about the islands Lennox, Picton and Nueva, in the Beagle Channel

1984 · Peace treaty between Chile and Argentina, the Beagle Channel Islands finally come to Chile

Source: Wikipedia (D)

Origin of the Country's Name

The name "Chile" comes from the language of the Aymara, an native indian tribe in the north of the country. The word means "end of the country." Another theory sees an origin in the word "tchili" out of the Inca language Quechua, what means: "snow". Both are indications of the prevailing geographic peculiarities here. The south of the country was formerly called Araucania. The Araucana are the indigenous natives of some southern regions of America. They belong to different nations: Picunche, Mapuche, Huilliche and Pehuenche.

Source: Handbuch der geographischen Namen, Wikipedia (D), Discovery '97