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Manchukuo

Empire of Manchukuo
1932–1945 existing Japanese satellite state in the Manchouria
own name: Manzhōu Guó

• Flags

• Meaning/Origin of the Flag

• Coat of Arms

• Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

• Aircraft Roundel

• Map

• Numbers and Facts

• History

• Origin of the Country's Name

Flags

Flagge Fahne flag national merchant National flag Merchant flag Mandschukuo Mandschurei Manchukuo Manchouria

National and merchant flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flaggenbuch 1939

Flagge Fahne flag naval Naval flag Mandschukuo Mandschurei Manchukuo Manchouria

Naval flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flaggenbuch 1939

The flag of Manchukuo is something like a special kind of combination between the flag of the Chinese Empire (until 1912) and the flag of the first Chinese republic (1912–1928).

Flagge Fahne flag Kaiserreich China Empire of China National flag Merchant flag national merchant flag

Flagge Fahne flag Kaiserreich China Empire of China National flag Merchant flag national merchant flag

Flagge Fahne flag Republik China Republic of China National flag Merchant flag national merchant flag

The flag of the empire was yellow with a blue dragon which represents the East. The colour yellow is the colour of the Manchou and the colour of the Manchou Qing-Dynasty which ruled China. Instead of it arised in 1912 in China a flag with five horizontal stripes which should represent the five races of Chinas (Han-Chinese, Manchou, Mongols, Hui & Turkestans abd Tibetans) and red – the colour of the Han – was positioned uppermost. The yellow stripe – the colour of the Manchou – was positioned on the second place. It was removed from the colour-sequence and inserted lowermost to make possible in this way the space for the large yellow area of the bunting.

Source: Flags of the World, Volker Preuß

Coat of Arms

Coat of arms of Manchukuo,
Source: Flaggenbuch 1939

Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Manchukuo is doubtless a so named Mon an in the far eastern region spread, mostly symmetrical very stylized pictorial representation which have beeen and which are used as heraldical element. It is a spring orchid flower, the Emperor's favorite flower.

Source: Flags of the World, Volker Preuß

Aircraft Roundel

Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)

Map

Source: www.oldtokyo.com, click to enlarge

Numbers and Facts

in 1934

Area: 379.998 square miles

Inhabitants: 30.880.000, thereof 96 % Chinese and Manchou, 2% Koreans, 2% Japanese

Religions: Buddhism, Manchu folk religion, Shinto, Orthodox Christianity

Density of Population: 81 inh./sq.mi.

Capital: Hsinking (Xinjing, heute: Changchun)

official Languagen: Chinese, Japanese

other Languages: Manchou, Korean

Currency: 1 Manchukuo Yuan = 10 Jiao = 100 Fen = 1.000 Li

Time Zone: GMT + 8 h

Source: Wikipedia (EN)

History

antiquity · settlement by Tungusian and Mongolian tribes

1368–ca.1580 · Ming-Dynasty in China, the country is dependent from China

ca.1580 · the Tungusian people of the Manchou conquers coming from the northeast under the General Nurhadji the today's Manchouria

1644 · the Manchou conquer the Chinese capital Peking, unseat the Ming-Dynasty and establish the Qing-Dynasty (as well Manchou-Dynasty, 1644–1912)

ca.1880 · soaring influence of Russia in Manchouria

1894–1895 · Chinese-Japanese War

1896 · Russia gets railroad construction licences in Manchouria

1900 · Russia occupies Manchouria

1904–1905 · Russian-Japanese War

1905 · despite the acceptance of the Chinese right of the state in Manchouria by Russia and Japan both countries partition Manchouria in two zones of influence

1912 · overthrow of the monarchy in China, proclamation of the republic

1916–1928 · civil war in China

1918 · the Chinese Marshal Zhang Zuolin takes Manchouria under his control and gets in the afteryears supported by Japan → soaring influence of Japan in Manchouria

1931 · military intervention of Japan in Manchouria

1932 · establishment of the State of Manchukuo as Japanese satellite state, the last Chinese Emperor Pu-Yi from the Manchou Qing-Dynasty becomes Regent of Manchukuo

1933 · annexion of the Chinese Rehe-Area to Manchukuo (between the rivers Luan and Liao)

1934 · Pu-Yi becomes Emperor of Manchukuo

August/September 1945 · Soviet and Mongol troops invade Manchukuo, unseat the empire, banish the Japanese and give Manchukuo up to the communist Chinese partisans which use it as retreating room and for re-organization

1945–1951 · civil war in China (the National-Chinese government of the Guomindang against communist partisans)

1st of October 1949 · proclamation of the People's Republic of China (under inclusion of Manchouria) by the superior communist partisans which meanwhile control the largest part of China, Manchouria gets with it partitioned under the die provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei and the Territory of the Inner Mongolia

Source: Wikipedia (D), World Statesmen

Origin of the Country's Name

The designation "Manchukuo" means the Chinese words "Manzhōu Guó", what something means like "State of the Manchou".

Source: Volker Preuß