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Nejd

 

Contents

Flags

Meaning/Origin of the Flag

Map

Numbers and Facts

History

Origin of the Country's Name



Explanation

A special feature of the flags on this website is an inscription with Arabic script. In European understanding, any inscription on a flag is considered to be on the front of the flag, the writing always running from left to right, so that the respective inscription starts next to the pole on the left and continues to the right - towards the waving end of the flag. The Arabic script, however, is read from right to left. The European way of understanding at these things should not be applied to flags with Arabic inscriptions, because if the pole were on the left, the Arabic writing would run from the waving end towards the pole, which is not allowed. Sometimes this argument is reinforced by illustrations, e.g. a sword with the tip of the sword pointing towards the end of the shahada. If one wants to show this correctly on this type of flag, the writing must run away from the mast, Arabic from right to left, the sword then also pointing from right to left, which means that the mast must necessarily be on the right. In order to use this type of flag correctly, two front sides must be sewn against each other, a mirror-inverted print-through would not be appropriate.

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Flags

Flagge Fahne flag Nedschd Nadjd Najd Nejd Nedjd Diriyah Al-Darija Al-Diriyah
1727–ca.1750,
Sheikhdom of Diriyah,
Flag of the Sheikhdom of Diriyah,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Nedschd Nadjd Najd Nejd Diriyah Al-Darija Al-Diriyah Riyadh Riad Er-Riad
ca.1750–1818,
Emirate of Diriyah,
Flag of the Emirate of Diriyah,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Emirat Emirate Nedschd Nadjd Najd Nejd Riyadh Riad Er-Riad
ca.1824–1887,
Emirate of Nejd,
Flag of the Emirate of Nejd,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Emirat Emirate Dschebel Shammar Jebel Shammar
1836–1921,
Emirate of Jebel Shammar,
Flagge des Emirats Dschebel Shammar,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Emirat Emirate Nedschd Nadjd Najd Nejd
1902–1913,
Emirate of Nejd,
Flag of the Emirate of Nejd,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Emirat Emirate Nedschd Nadjd Najd Nejd
1913–1921,
Emirate of Nejd,
Flag of the Emirate of Nejd,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Sultanat Sultanate Nedschd Nadjd Najd Nejd
1921–1926,
Sultanate of Nejd,
Flag of the Sultanate of Nejd,
Source, by: World Statesmen




Flagge Fahne flag Königreich Kingdom Nedschd Nadjd Najd Nejd
1926–1932,
Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd,
Flag of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN), SALEM,
Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons



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Meaning/Origin of the Flag

The flag of the Emirate of Al-Darija was initially probably single-coloured red, an in this region usual and entirely far spreaded design of a flag. In the 18th century established Ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1720–1792) an Islamic-Sunnitic movement, which was later named by him – the Wahabites. He missioned in Nejd, and got since 1745 big influence in the familiy of Saud, the rulers in the Sheikhdom of Al-Darija. This family took completely over the symbolism of the Wahabites (the colour green, the Shahada and temporary the half-moon) and that symbolism became in the 20th century to the heraldry of the Kingdom of Nejd and later of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia too. The Shahada is the credo of the Islam: "Allah il Allah, wa Muhammad rasul Allah" → "There is no God but God; and Mohammed is His messenger". In 1887 the Emirate of Nedjd was conquered by the Shammar tribes. When the Emirate of Nedjd was re-established in 1902, the old flag was re-introduced. Between 1926 and 1932, another Arabic inscription was displayed below the sword on the flag. It can be translated as follows: "Victory with God, Islamization of all countries". The colour green was the colour of the coat of the Prophet Mohammed. In that times (even in Europe) it was sometimes usual to use garments as flag. In this way as well with the coat of Mohammed. The colour of the coat became in this way very quick to colour and flag of the Islam, and especially to the colour of the Fatimids, an Ismailic-Shiite dynasty of Califs, which have their roots in the fourth Calif Ali, and Fatima, the daughter of Mohammed. The sword was added to the flag in 1913 and refers to the founder of the state of Saudi Arabia Ibn Saud Abdul-Asis III. (1880–1953). It represents the military triumphs of the Islam, of the Saud family and of the Wahabites. It stands for justice and honesty.

Source: Wikipedia (EN), Die Welt der Flaggen, Volker Preuß

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Map

The Arabian Peninsula about 1920, interactive Map:

Source: Volker Preuß

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Numbers and Facts

Area: ca. ca. 536.795 square miles

Inhabitants: 3.500.000 (nowadays)

Capital: Riad (Ar Rijad)

Source: Encyclopédie Universelle

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History

15th century · evolution of the Sheikhdom of Al-Darija under the dynasty of the Saud near Riad

1744 · Emir Mohammed Ibn Saud of Al-Darija (1726–1766) accomodates the strict religious Sheik Mohammed Ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1720–1792, al-Wahhab is the founder of the religious movement of the Wahabits), that gains big influence onto Emir Mohammed Ibn Saud, Al-Darija becomes an emirate and Wahabi state

1773 · conquest of Riad by the Saudi-Wahabites

1788 · whole central Arabia is in the hands of the Saudi-Wahabites

1801 · Saudi troops conquer Karbala City

1806 · Saudi troops conquer Makkah City

1812 · Mohammed Ali, the Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt, begins to counter the Wahabites

1818 · subjection of the Saudi Wahabites-State by Mohammed Ali

1824 · the Saudis conquer Riyadh and found the Emirate of Nejd

1887 · the Emirate of Nejd is conquered by the Shammar tribes

1902 · the Saudis re-conquer Riyadh and found the Emirate of Nejd again

1891 · rebellion of the Saud against the Shammar, defeat, escape of the Saud family to Kuwait

1902 · Emir Ibn Saud Abdul-Asis III. succeeds in the conquest of Riad with support by the Emir of Kuwait, union of the tribes of Nejd under the Sauds

1909 · the Ottoman Empire recognizes the reign of Ibn Saud Abdul-Asis III. in Nejd

1913 · Saudi troops conquer the Ottoman coastal province of Al-Hasa at the Persian Golf

1915 · United Kingdom recognizes the reign of Ibn Saud Abdul-Asis III. in Nejd, peace agreement between Nejd and United Kingdom

1921 · Saudi troops conquer Shammar

22nd of August 1921 · proclamation of the Sultanate of Nejd, under Sultan Ibn Saud Abdul-Asis III.

1921–1925 · Saudi troops conquer Hejaz

1922 · United Kingdom disclaims its zone of influence in the Rub al-Khali desert

2nd of December 1922 · establishment of a Neutral Zone between Nejd and Kuwait, as well as between Nejd and Iraq

1926 · frontier treaty with Iraq and Trans Jordan

1926 · coronation of Sultan Ibn Saud Abdul-Asis III. to the King of Hejaz

19th of January 1927 · coronation of Ibn Saud Abdul-Asis III. to the King of Nejd and Hejaz

18th of September 1932 · formation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by unification of the Kingdom of Hejaz with the Kingdom of Nejd

Source: Wikipedia (DE), World Statesmen, Weltgeschichte, Volker Preuß

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Origin of the Country's Name

"Nejd" is Arabian and means "upland". It is the name for the hilly region which is placed between the Jabal Shammar, the ad-Dahna desert, the Hejaz and the Rub al-Khali desert. Some mountain tops reach altitudes to 1000 meters. There are few oases and sporadic lodes.

Source: Wikipedia (DE)

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