Contents

Flags

Historical Flags

Meaning/Origin of the Flag

The flag of South Sudan was adopted on 9th of July in 2005 and features three horizontal stripes of black, red and green with narrow white dividing stripes and a isosceles sky blue triangle with a yellow five-pointed star on the mast. The meaning of the colours of the flag is determined by the South Sudanese government: Black represents the South Sudanese people. Red represents the blood that was shed for the country's independence. Green represents agriculture, natural wealth, the land and the country's progress. White represents peace. Blue represents the water of the Nile, a source of life. Yellow represents unity of the country and hope and determination. The colours of the flag seem to be defined, but nothing on the legal basis could be found, no law and no regulation. The colours are defined, among others, in the HEX color space for RBG: sky blue = #45B4DB, yellow = #FCDE02, red = #DB0A13 and green = #018A2C. This would correspond to the following colors in the Pantone color space: Sky Blue = pt 2985 c, Yellow = Hexachrome Yellow, Red = pt 1788 c and Green = pt 355 c. The design of the flag has so far had little success; internationally, dark blue is usually used instead of sky blue, and in the country the star is sometimes straight and sometimes diagonal. The model for the flag was the flag of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), which cites the flag of Kenya as the model for its flag. During the first phase of the Civil War (1955–1972), a different flag was popular. This showed five horizontal stripes in red, white, black, white and red in a ratio of 3:1:8:1:3. That was used by the provisional government of South Sudan from 1967 to 1969.

Source: Wikipedia (EN), World Statesmen, Volker Preuß

Coat of Arms

since 2011,
Coat of arms of South Sudan,
Source: Unknown, vectorisation by Nanin7,
Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

Aircraft Roundel

Map

Numbers and Facts

History

ca. 1500 – 1700 · Empire of the Fundsh in the southern Sudan, the north becomes dependent from the egypt Mameluks

1863–1875 · Ismail Pasha of Egypt conquers partially the southern Sudan and Darfur (1874)

1875–1881 · the Egyptians try to stop the slave trading

1881–1898 · anti-egyptian-clerical Mahdi revolt under the leadership of Mohammed Achmed, named Mahdi, formation of the Mahdi Empire

1882 · United Kingdom occupys Egypt

1885 · death of the Mahdi, successor is Chalifa Abdullahi

1888–1889 · the Mahdi Empire attacks Ethiopia and conquers the southern Sudan

1898 · Battle of Omdurman, Lord Kitchener destroys the Mahdi Empire

1898 · Battle of Faschoda, Lord Kitchener strikes in southern Sudan invaded Frenchmen

1899 · Sudan is officially administered by Egypt and United Kingdom (Anglo-Egyptian Sudan)

1924 · British attempts to administer separately the north and the south of Sudan

1955 · the christian and animist South Sudan fears a northern and islamic dominance within an independent Sudan and starts the first of all for 17 years enduring civil war

1st of January 1956 · Egypt and United Kingdom grant the Sudan independence, Republic of Sudan

1972 · treaty of Addis-Abeba between the government of Sudan and the South Sudanese Liberation Front, temporary end of the civil war in the south, granting of autonomy for the South Sudan

1983 · South Sudan becomes divided into three separate regions, introduction of the islamic law, the civil war in the south breaks out again

1984 · proclaim of the state of emergency

1992 · offensive against South Sudan

1994 · offensive of South against governmental troops

1996 · isolation of South Sudan

1997 · successful offensive of the south sudanese SPLA (Sudanese People's Liberation Army)

12th of December 1999 · proclaim of the state of emergency, dissolution of the parliament

2005 · Juba – capital of South Sudan – becomes conquered by troops od Sudan, the provisional government moves to Rumbek

2005 · peace agreement, end the fighting, autonomy for South Sudan

2006 · Juba is capital of South Sudan again

2008 · one more fights between Sudan and South Sudan

9th of January in 2011 · beginning of a multi-day referendum for independence in South Sudan

9th of July in 2011 · South Sudan declares its independence

2013–2018 · civil war (mainly between Dinka and Nuer)

Source: Atlas zur Geschichte, World Statesmen, Wikipedia (EN), Volker Preuß

Origin of the Country's Name