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Transnistria

Transnistrian Moldovan Republic
separation from Moldova
internationally not recognized
presidial republic
own names:
– Russian: Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika
– Moldovan (Romanian): Republika Moldovenyaske Nistrjane
– Ukrainian: Pridnistrowska Moldavska Respublika

• Flags

• Historical Flags

• Meaning/Origin of the Flag

• Coat of Arms

• Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

• Aircraft Roundel

• Numbers and Facts

• History

• Maps

• Origin of the Country's Name

Flags

National and state flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World

Merchant flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of the World, Wikipedia (DE)

Flagge Fahne flag Präsident president Transnistrien Transnistria Nistrjane Cisnistrien Cisnistria

Flag ot the President,
ratio = 1:1,
Source, by: Wikipedia (DE)

Historical Flags

Flagge Fahne flag Moldavien Moldawien Moldau Moldova Moldavia Moldauische Autonome Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

1925–1938,
Flag of Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen

1938,
Flag of Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen

1938–1940,
Flag of Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen

Flagge Fahne flag Moldavien Moldawien Moldau Moldova Moldavia Moldauische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

1940–1952,
Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen

1952–1991,
Flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen

Transnistria continues the legacy of the Moldovan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (MASSR), founded in 1924, which was expanded to include the territory of today's Republic of Moldova (Moldavia) from 1940 to 1991 and was called Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR) from 1940 onwards. Thus, the today's flag of Transnistria is historically the last flag of the Soviet republic, which was restored in 1991. The flag features three stripes of red, green and red in a 3:2:3 ratio with a hammer, sickle and star – symbols of communism – in the upper corner. However, the country's citizens are allowed by law to use the flag as a simple striped flag without the communist symbolism for private purposes. The flag with a hammer, sickle and star is required for authorities and offices.

Source: Wikipedia (EN), Flags of the World, Volker Preuß

Coat of Arms

since 1991,
Coat of arms of Transnistria,
Source, by: commons.wikimedia.org

Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Transnistria was probably introduced in 1991. Except for a few details, it corresponds to the coat of arms of the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, which existed until 21st of December in 1991. The coat of arms essentially shows a rising sun and fruits of the land. The name of the state appears in the red banner in the middle. Representations of the coat of arms are also known, which have the abbreviation of the state name in the red banner in Cyrillic script. Left and right: PMR (Moldovan) in the middle RMN (Russian/Ukrainian).

Source: Volker Preuß

Aircraft Roundel

Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Flags of the World

Numbers and Facts

Area: 1.377 square miles

Inhabitants: 347.251 (2021), thereof 32% Moldovans (Romanians), 29% Ukrainians, 30% Russians, 2% Bulgarians, 0,6% Germans

Religions: 90% Christian Orthodox, 4% Roman Catholic

Density of Population: 252 inh./sq.mi.

Capital: Tiraspol, 148.917 inh. (2010)

official Languages: Russian, Ukrainian, Moldavian (Romanian)

Currency: Transnistrian Ruble (PRB) = 100 Kopeken

Time Zone: GMT + 2 h

Source: Wikipedia (D)

History

ca. 900 · the area of the today’s Transnistria becomes a part of the Empire of Kiev (Rus of Kiev)

1061–1240 · the area is a part of the Empire of the Cumans

1359 · establishment of the Romanian Principality of Moldova between the Carpathia Mountains and the Dnjestr River

1387 · the area of the today’s Transnistria becomes dependent from Poland-Lithuania

1526 · the south of the country becomes dependent from the Ottoman Empire

1772 · First Polish Division, Russia annexes all Polish territory eastern the Duena River and the Dnjepr River, including the north of the today’s Transnistria

1792 · Russia annexes with the former Ottoman Province of Jedisan even the south of the today’s Transnistria

1806–1812 · Russian-Turkish War

1812 · Peace of Bucarest, the eastern part of the Romanian Principality of Moldavia (between the rivers Prut and Dnjestr, the today’s Moldova) comes under the name Bessarabia to Russia

1853–1856 · Crimean War, Bessarabia remains at Russia

1914–1918 · First World War, the Ukraine detaches from Russia in March 1917 and declares its independence, Transnistria belongs now to Ukraine

1917 · Bolshevist revolution in Russia, civil war

22nd of January 1918 · establishment of the Soviet Power in the Ukraine

9th of April 1918 · annexation if Bessarabia by the Kingdom of Romania

30th of December 1922 · foundation of the Soviet Union (USSR), combination of the Soviet Republics of Russia (RSFSR), Belarus (White Russia), Ukraine and of the Transcaucasian Federation

1924 · foundation of the Moldovan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic (MASSR) in Transnistria (on the territory of Soviet Ukraine), however, this republic was much larger than today's Transnistria

1939–1945 · Second World War: 1940 the Soviet Union forces Romania to cede Bessarabia, the southern part of the country becomes separated and annexed by the Soviet Ukraine, the northern part becomes annexed to the minimized Moldovan Autonomous Socialistic Soviet Republic and then was proclaimed the Moldovan Socialistic Soviet Republic (MSSR), 1941 Romania is able to occupy Bessarabia again and annexes the the whole MSSR and all territories until the Southern Bug River, 1944 Bessarabia becomes occupied by Soviet troops, re-establishment of the MSSR

1947 · Peace Treaty of Paris, Romania recognizes the soviet annexations and the subsistence of the MSSR

1990 · claims for the independence of Moldova, the in Transnistria living Russians fear a speedy affiliation of the MSSR to Romania

September 1990 · the republic of Transnistria declares itself for independent

27th of August 1991 · the MSSR proclaims its independence and names itself Republic of Moldova

1st of December 1991 · a plebiscite in Transnistria confirms the independence of Transnistria from Moldova, outbreak of a civil war in Transnistria

8th of December 1991 · Russia, Ukraine and Belarus (White Russia) declare themselves for sovereign and establish the „Commonwealth of Independent States” (CIS)

21st of December 1991 · joining of all former Soviet Republics of the USSR to the CIS (except Georgia), irrevocable end of the Soviet Union

1991–1992 · civil war (in reality war between Moldova and Transnistria), Transnistria triumphs over Moldova because of the military intervention of Russia

1994 · a plebiscite in Moldova rejects the affiliation to Romania

24th of December 1995 · a new plebiscite (not recognized by Moldova) in Transnistria confirms the independence of Transnistria and supports an entry in the CIS

17th of September 2006 · a new plebiscite (not recognized by Moldova) in Transnistria confirms with 97% the independence of Transnistria and supports a later connection to Russia (Russian Federation)

18th of March in 2014 · the government of Transnistria submits an application to join the Russian Federation

Source: Atlas zur Geschichte, Wikipedia (DE), World Statesmen, Volker Preuß

Maps

Territorial developments in the region between 1550 and nowadays:

1550

1800

1812

1925

1940

1942

1970

heute

Maps: Volker Preuß

Origin of the Country's Name

The name "Transnistria" means "country beyond the Dnjestr River". That name arised during the Second World War as Romania annexed the area between Dnjepr River and Southern Bug River. If this name is spoken in Transnistria, is with "country beyond the Dnjepr River" indeed meant the hostile Moldova. Because of that the country names itself "Cisnistria": "country nearside the Dnjestr River" or just in Russian "Pridnestrovye": "country at the Dnjestr River"

Source: Volker Preuß