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- Republic of Serbia
- paliamentary democracy
- own name: Republika Srbija
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• Origin of the Country's Name
since 2010,
National and merchant flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)
since 2010,
State flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)
since 2010,
Flag (standard) of the President,
ratio = 1:1,
Source, by: Flags of the World
1835–1882,
National and state flag of the Principality of Serbia,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)
1882–1918,
National and merchant flag of the Kingdom of Serbia,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (IT)
1882–1918,
State flag of the Kingdom of Serbia,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flags of the World
1941–1944,
National and state flag of Serbia,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)
1947–1992,
Flag of Serbia within the socialistic Yugoslavia,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: World Statesmen
1992–2004,
National flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Flags of all Nations
2004–2010,
National and merchant flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)
2004–2010,
State flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (D)
The flag of Serbia and Montenegro shows the colours blue, white and red in horizontal arrangement. The today's shape of the flag (with coat of arms and crown) was introduced on 17th of August in 2004. Until 2010, Serbia followed the colour specifications and colour definitions of Yugoslavia, which roughly correspond to these Pantone colour numbers: Blue = pt 288, Red = pt 1795, Yellow = pt 116. With the "Regulation on the establishment of source illustration of greater and lesser arms and of flag, and of the score of the anthem" adopted on 11th of November in 2010, the colours were newly standardised. The colour mixture specifications given in the law roughly correspond to these values: blue = pt 541, red = pt 192, yellow = pt 123, purple = 704.
Serbia had in 1830 thrown off the Ottoman yoke, and adoped in 1835 a red-blue-white flag. Nothing is known about the origin of the colour combination. On the one hand, a red and blue flag of Serbia was handed down from the Middle Ages, which was supplemented by a white stripe in 1835, and on the other hand, the colors of Russia may have been the model. The colors may have been adopted as thanks for the Russian arms assistance to the Serbs in the struggle for freedom against the Turks. Many Slavic nations create on the 19th century own flags – in context with a growing Slavic nationalism. Thereby played the Panslavism an important roll, a political movement of the 18th/19th century, which would unite all Slavs in one nation. The most Slavic nations however lived in this times under Austrian, Turkish or even German rule. The Panslavism saw in Russia a model, because the Russians were, apart from Serbia and Montenegro, the only free Slavic nation. In this way the colours of the Russian flag became to an idol of the Panslavists, and in the end to a colour's pattern in the designing of the flags of many Slavic nations. Those flags carried and carry except few exceptions the Russian colours white, blue and red as mutual attribute. From there this colour's combination is named "Panslavic Colours".
In the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia, proclaimed by Tito in 1945, the South Slavic nations were able to use their national colors (mostly combinations of Panslavic colors) on their own flags again, in their own republics. However, because of the political system, a red star had to be used in the middle of the flag. With the collapse of the socialistic system left the countries Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and Bosnia-Herzegovina the Yugoslav state between 1991 und 1992. In April 1992 joined the both remaining countries Serbia and Montenegro to the "Federative Republic of Yugoslavia", and on the 27th of April in 1992 the red star was removed without replacement from the national flag. The two remaining member states used equal flags in red-blue-white within the new Yugoslavia. For distinction, the flag of Montenegro was presented in the format 1:3. In 2004, the current flag of Serbia was introduced. The Federation of "Yugoslavia" was now called "Federal Republic of Serbia and Montenegro". The federation was disbanded in 2006.
Source:
Die Welt der Flaggen,
Flaggen und Coat of arms of the Welt,
Wikipedia (EN),
Flags of the World,
Volker Preuß
since 2004,
Coat of arms of Serbia,
Source: Wikipedia (EN)
to 1918,
Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Serbia,
Source: Wikipedia (EN)
1941–1944,
Coat of arms of Serbia,
Source: Wikipedia (EN)
1947–2004,
Coat of arms of Serbia,
Source: R-41, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
The coat of arms of Serbia descends in its today's shape from the 19th century, but it has its roots in the early middle ages. The double-eagle goes however back to the Byzantian Empire. The in the 8th/9th century established Serbian states of Zeta and Rashka (Rascien) were fiefdoms of the Byzantian Empire, which get summarized in 1117 to the Principality of Serbia. Not until the year 1180 Serbia became independent from Byzantium. With the breakdown of the Byzantian Empire the duty of the protection of Europe – the defence of the Turkish hordes – was gone over to Serbia. As well in the religion was continued the christian-orthodox legacy of Byzantium, however as Serbian country's church. I this way it is not a random accident, that the Serbian heraldry with the double-eagle remembers the heraldry of the Byzantian Empire. That double-eagle carrys a red breast shield with a white cross on it. In the corners of the cross is placed ever one fire steel. This breast shield is as well a very old Serbian symbol. It goes back to the the Paleologes dynasty (Palaiologes), the last Byzantian ruler's house. They reigned in Byzantium from 1258 until 1453. The both golden lilies below the catches of the eagle stand probably for the dynasties of the families of Obrenovic and Karadjordjevic which Serbia ruled nearly by turns as Kings. Just as the lilies could stand for the historical principalities of Zeta und Rashka, out of them growed the today's Serbia. As the Kings of Serbia in the year 1918 also get the Kings of the "Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes" (Yugoslavia), the Serbian coat of arms stood as model for the coat of arms of this Kingdom. In the socialistic Yugoslavia (1946–1992) was adoped a new, with communist symbolism furnished coat of arms. The old coat of arms got exiled from the flag and substituted by the five-point gold-rimmed red star of the Tito-Partisans, the sign of communism. The communist coat of arms remained officially in use until 2004.
Source: Wikipedia (EN), Volker Preuß
Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)
Location:
Source: CIA World Factbook
Map of the country:
Source: CIA World Factbook
The countries of the former Yugoslavia:
Map: Volker Preuß
Area: 34.116 square miles
Inhabitants: 6.900.000 (2020), mostly Serbs
Religions: mostly Serbian-Orthodox Christian
Density of Population: 202 inh./sq.mi.
Capital: Beograd (German: Belgrad), 1.344.844 inh. (2016)
official Language: Serbian/Serbo-Croatian
other Languages: Albanian, Hungarian
Currency: 1 Serbian Dinar (RSD, Din.) = 100 Para
Time Zone: GMT + 1 h
Source: Wikipedia (DE)
antiquity · settlement by Thrakian and Illyrian tribes
33–29 B.C. · Roman conquest
395 · at the partition of the Roman Empire comes the today's Serbia to the East Roman Empire (Byzantium)
6th/7th century · immigration of the Serbs, nascence of the Serbian principalities of Zeta, Bosnia and Rashka (Rascia) as Byzantian fiefdoms
1040 · Zeta enforces its independence from Byzantium
1077 · Zeta becomes a Kingdom
1090 · Zeta unites Bosnia and Rashka under it's leadership
1138 · Zeta loses Bosnia and Rashka again
1168 · Rashka becomes a Byzantian fiefdom
1180 · Rashka gets independent from Byzantium
1183 · Rashka takes over the power in Zeta
1217 · Rashka gets levied to the Kingdom of Serbia
13th/14th century · Serbia conquers Macedonia and Bosnia, Epirus, Thessalia and Albania
1346 · Stephan Dusan gets crowned to the "Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks"
1355 · death of Emperor Stephan, the Great Serbian Empire disintegrates into particular states
1371 · the Turks strike the Serbs near the Maritza River
1389 · the Turks strike the Serbs on the Amselfeld, Serbia becomes tributary, Zeta (since 1500 named Montenegro) can keep its independence
1459 · Serbia becomes a part of the Ottoman Empire
1718–1739 · the north of Serbia belongs to the Austrian Empire
1804 · people's revolt under leadership of G. Karadjordjes
1812 · Peace of Bucharest, granting of autonomy for Serbia
1814 · the Ottoman Empire occupies Serbia again
1815 · people's revolt under leadership of Milos Obrenovic
1816 · partial autonomy for Serbia with a Serbo-Turkish administration
1817 · Milos Obrenovic becomes Prince of Serbia
1830 · Serbia gets independent from the Ottoman Empire
1835 · a large part of the Turkish troops leaves Serbia, end of the Turkish administration
1839 · Milos Obrenovic resigns, throne successor is Michael III. Obrenovic
1842 · Michael III. Obrenovic has to resign, throne successor is Alexander Karadjordjevic, the son of G. Karadjordjes
1858 · overthrow of Alexander Karadjordjevic, throne successor is Milos Obrenovic
1860 · Milos Obrenovic resigns, throne successor is Michael III. Obrenovic
1867 · the last Turkish troops leave the country
1868 · assassination of Michael III. Obrenovic, throne successor is Milan I. Obrenovic
1869 · introduction of a constitution
1877 · Serbia joins in the Russian-Turkish war
1878 · Berlin Congress, Serbia gets the Turkish territories in the south of Nish
1882 · Milan I. Obrenovic gets crowned to the King, powers a pro-Austrian policy
1885 · war against Bulgaria
1889 · Milan I. Obrenovic resigns, throne successor is Alexander I. Obrenovic
1903 · assassination of Alexander I. Obrenovic, throne successor is Peter I. Karadjordjevic, powers pro-Russian, pan-Slawic and anti-Austrian policy
1912–1913 · Balkan Wars, Serbia gains Kosovo and Northern Macedonia
28th of June in 1914 · the Austrian throne successor Archduke Franz Ferdinand gets assassinated in Sarajevo by the Serb and member of the Serbian secret association "Black Hand" Gavrilo Princip
28th of July in 1914 · Austria-Hungary declares the war on Serbia
1st of August in 1914 · Russia (in alliance with Serbia) declares the war on Austria-Hungary, the German Empire (in alliance with Austria - Central Powers) declares the war on Russia
3rd of August in 1914 · France (in alliance with Russia - Entente) declares the war on the German Empire
4th of August in 1914 · Great Britain (in alliance with France and Russia - Entente) declares the war on the German Empire
2nd of December in 1914 · the Ottoman Empire joins in the First World War on the side of the Central Powers
14th of October in 1915 · Bulgaria joins in the First World War on the side of the Central Powers
December 1915 · whole Serbia is occupied by Austrian and Bulgarian troops
October/November 1918 · counterattack of the Entente, the troops of the Central Powers leave Serbia, Serbia forces the unification of the South Slawic nations under its crown in the state "Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes", which was renamed in 1929 in Yugoslavia
1941 · Yugoslavia gets dissolved during the Second World War, Serbia comes under German military government
1941–1946 · Yugoslavia is during the Second World War location of a merciless partisan and civil war between communists (under J.B.Tito), republicans, monarchists and nationalists, the communists prevailed
29th of November in 1945 · proclamation of the "Federative People's Republic of Yugoslavia" by Tito
31st of January in 1946 · proclamation of the Republic of Serbia (within communist Yugoslavia)
7th of April 1963 · proclamation of the Socialist Republic of Serbia (within communist Yugoslavia)
28th of September in 1990 · proclamation of the Republic of Serbia (within Yugoslavia)
1991–1992 · Yugoslavia dissolves into its particular states
27th of April in 1992 · Serbia and Montenegro proclaim the „Federal Republic of Yugoslavia”
1991–1995 · war between Yugoslavia and Croatia/Bosnia-Hercegovina
1998 · in Kosovo forces the UÇK (Albanian Liberation Army of the Kosovo) its struggle for the states independence of the Kosovo, because of the Serbian counteractions many Albanians flee from the Kosovo
1999 · the NATO seizes unilaterally party for the UÇK, intervenes in the war of Serbia for its territorial integrity and bombards extendedly Serbian targets in the Kosovo as well as in Serbia itself, occupation of the Kosovo by KFOR-troops of the NATO for "protection against encroachments of Yugoslav troops", assassination and expulsion of the Serbian population from the Kosovo
2000 · elections in Serbia, Vojislav Kostunica becomes successor of Milosevics
28th of June in 2001 · the Serbian government sells Slobodan Milosevic for economical support and several millions of dollars to the UN War Delinquent's Tribunal in Den Haag
2002 · the Serbian province Kosovo elects a "President", Ibrahim Rugova
4th of February in 2003 · new constitution, Yugoslavia is replaced by the Federal Republic of Serbia and Montenegro
21st of May 2006 · plebiscite in Montenegro about a separation from Serbia, 55,4% agreement
13th of July 2006 · declaration of independence of Montenegro
October 2006 · new constitution
Source: Atlas zur Geschichte,
Wikipedia (D),
World Statesmen
The name "Serbia " goes back to the people of the Serbs, in whose language the word "srb " is to be translated with "people". Serbia is the "People's Land".
Source:
Atlas der wahren Namen