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Soviet Union

• Soviet Union (USSR)
• from 1922 till 1991 existent socialistic state
• own name: Sovjetskij Sojus

Contents

• Prolog

• Flag

• Meaning/Origin of the Flag

• Other Flags

• Historical Flags

• Coat of Arms

• Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

• Aircraft Roundel

• Map

• Numbers and Facts

• History

• List of the Soviet Republics

• List of the Autonomous Soviet Republics

• List of the Autonomous Territories

• List of the Autonomous Districts

• List of historical Satellite States

• Origin of the Country's Name

Prolog

The Soviet Union called itself officially "Union of the Socialistic Soviet Republics". It seems, it could be something like a confederation of diverse Soviet Republics. To think so was the intention, and some of the republics had even an own seat in the UNO. In reality it was one state with one citizenship, the heir of the Russian Empire under the leadership of the communist party. The enforcement of bolshevism, the socialistic policy of Lenin, whichts costs the lives of about 80 millions of human beings until 1991, was successful under the nations of the Russian Empire, by the promise of "autonomy" in endless individual "Soviet Republics". In reality the leaders and elites og that nations became killed later, and there remained only and from the beginning on the centralistic, communist and russian policy of Moscow.

Source: Volker Preuß

Flag

1955–1991,
State and merchant flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)

Meaning/Origin of the Flag

The last used (to 1991) and well known flag of Soviet Union was created in November 1923, and was introduced on 31st of January in 1924 in context with the adoption of a new constitution for the USSR, and it became finally confirmed on 19th of August in 1955. It showed a single-coloured red bunting in ratio 1:2 and in the upper staff quadrant crossed hammer and sickle under a red, yellow bordered star. The first flag of Soviet Union still showed the coat of arms on a single-coloured red bunting. In the following variant the coat of arms was removed and in the upper staff quadrant were added hammer and sickle and star. The upper staff quadrant was further separated from the rest of the flag by a slender yellow stripe. The hammer represented the workers (proletariat) and the sickle the farmers, the star stood for the unification of all humans of all countries of the five continents under the idea of communism. All communist red flags of the world have their roots in during the French Revolution of 1789 and during the Paris Commune of 1870/1871 used red flags. The origin is to search in the blood flags of the blood courts of the middle ages. The particular soviet republics had their own flags, just as the autonomous republics, territories and districts.

Source: Flaggen Wappen Hymnen, Die Welt der Flaggen

Other Flags

1935–1991,
Naval flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flaggenbuch 1939





1950–1991,
Naval flag of the Border Patrol (Coast Guard),
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (DE)





1932–1991,
Naval jack,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (DE)





1950–1991,
Flag for aux ships,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (DE)





1950–1991,
Flag of the Minister of Defence,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)





1950–1991,
Flag of the High Commander of the Armed Forces,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)





1950–1991,
Flag of the Supreme Commander of the Navy,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)

Historical Flags

1923–1924,
State and merchant flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)





1924–1936,
State and merchant flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)





1936–1955,
State and merchant flag,
ratio = 1:2,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)





1924–1935,
Naval flag,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flaggen Europas





1924–1935,
Flag of the chairman of war council,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)





1924–1935,
Flag of the Supreme Commander of the Navy,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flaggen Europas





1924–1927,
Flag flag of the chief of admiral staff,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Flaggen Europas





1924–1935,
Flag of a chief of fleet,
ratio = 2:3,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)

Coat of Arms

1956–1991,
Coat of arms of Soviet Union,
Source: Corel Draw 4

Meaning/Origin of the Coat of Arms

The coat of arms of Soviet Union was adoped – like the flag – on 31st of January in 1924 in context with the adoption of a new constitution for the USSR. It was at last changed marginally on 12th of September in 1956. It showed the by hammer and sickle covered globe over a rising sun and under a red star. It was surrounded by wheat ears which were bond by a red ribbon. On the ribbon in the fifteen languages of the USSR the saying "Proletarians of all countries unite!". The coat of arms symbolized very graphic the striven world power of communism.

Source: Flaggen Wappen Hymnen, Die Welt der Flaggen

Aircraft Roundel

1922–1943,
Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)



1943–1991,
Aircraft Roundel,
Source, by: Wikipedia (EN)

Map

kukmor.livejournal.com, enlarge/click

Numbers and Facts

Area: 8.649.500 square miles (1984)

Inhabitants: 276.300.000 (1984), thereof 50% Russian, 15% Ukrainian, 4,5% Uzbek, 3,5% Belorussian, 2,3% Kazakh, 2,2% Tatars

Density of Population: 32 inh./sq.mi.

Capital: Moscow (Russ.: Moskva), 8.546.000 Ew. (1984)

official Language: Russian, Languages of the Soviet Republics

Currency: 1 Rubel (Rbl.) = 100 Kopeks

Time Zone: GMT + 3 h to + 13 h

Source: Länder der Erde

History

7th of November 1917 · bolshevist coup d’état ("October Revolution"), communists under W.I.Lenin seize the Power

20th of December 1917 · establishment of the Cheka (bolshevist secret police), beginning of the red terror

18th of January 1918 · the Bolshevists liquidate the free elected parliament of Russia in which they had only 175 of 707 seats

March/April 1918 · debarkation of foreign intervention troops in Murmansk (US-Americans, British, Frenchman) and Vladivostok (Japanese) to strike down the coup d’état of Lenin

25th of May 1918 · the anti-bolshevist Czechoslovak Volunteer Corps begins the fight against bolshevism near Samara

10th of July 1918 · appointment of a new constitution, Russia becomes the "Russian Socialistic Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR, Soviet Russia)"

16th of July 1918 · Tsar Nikolaus II. and his whole family get murderd by Bolshevists

11th of November 1918 · end of the First World War, the German and Austrian troops withdraw from Soviet Russia

1918–1922 · civil war between civil, monarchistic and bolshevist forces under interference by foreign intervention troops, victory of the bolshevist forces, establishment of the Soviet power in whole Russia, this fact will cost the lives of ca 80.000.000 human beings in the direct scope of power of the Soviets until the year 1990

1919–1920 · establishment of soviet republics: Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Khorazm, Bukhara, Far Eastern Republic and Transcaucasian Federation

1919–1930 · formation of autonomous socialistic republics of nationalities within Russia (the today’s members of the Russian Federation)

April 1920 · Polish-Soviet Russian war

18th of March 1921 · Peace of Riga after the Polish-Soviet Russian war, Poland annexes large parts of Belarus (White Russia) and of the Ukraine

30th of December 1922 · foundation of the Soviet Union (USSR), combination of the Soviet Republics of Russia (RSFSR), Belarus (White Russia), Ukraine and of the Transcaucasian Federation

1922–1929 · establishment of further soviet republics: Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan

21st of January 1924 · death of W.I. Lenin, his policy costed until that point in time the lives of about 4 millions of human beeings, successor is J.W. Stalin

18th of September 1934 · joining to the League of Nations

5th of December 1936 · new constitution

1939 · German-Soviet non agression pact, the states of Balticum become a soviet zone of interest and become occupied by the Sowjet Union

1941–1945 · Second World War, the Sowjet Union can expand their borders far to the west

1945 · foundational member of the UNO

5th of March 1953 · death of J.W. Stalin, his policy costed until that point in time the lives of about 40 millions of human beeings, successor is N.S. Chrushtshov

7th of October 1977 · new constitution

11th of March 1985 · Michail Gorbachev becomes chief of state, starting of reforms

8th of December 1991 · Russia, Ukraine and Belarus (White Russia) declare themselves for sovereign and establish the „Commonwealth of Independent States” (CIS)

21st of December 1991 · joining of all former Soviet Republics of the USSR to the CIS (except Georgia), irrevocable end of the Soviet Union

Source: Atlas zur Geschichte, World Statesmen, Russiatrek, Die Völker der Erde, Wikipedia (D)

Soviet Republics

1920–1991      Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic

1920–1991      Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic

1940–1991      Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

1921–1991      Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic

1940–1956      Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic

1925–1991      Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic

1936–1991      Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic

1940–1991      Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

1940–1991      Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic

1940–1991      Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

1918–1991      Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

1929–1991      Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic

1922–1936      Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

1924–1991      Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic

1918–1991      Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

1924–1991      Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic

1919–1991      Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

Autonomous Soviet Republics

1924–1991      Nakhichevan ASSR

1921–1991      Abkhaz ASSR

1921–1991      Adjarian ASSR

1919–1991      Bashkir ASSR

1923–1991      Buryat ASSR

1921–1991      Dagestan ASSR

1922–1991      Yakut ASSR

1936–1991      Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR

1958–1991      Kalmyk ASSR

1936–1991      Komi ASSR

1936–1991      Mari ASSR

1930–1991      Mordovian ASSR

1936–1991      North Ossetian ASSR

1920–1990      Tatar ASSR

1936–1991      ASSR of Chechens and Ingush

1925–1991      Chuvash ASSR

1961–1991      Tuvan ASSR

1934–1991      Udmurt ASSR

1932–1991      Karakalpak ASSR

1920–1924      Turkestan ASSR

1921–1924      Mountain ASSR

1923–1941      Volga German ASSR

Autonomous Territories

1923–1991   Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast

1922–1991   South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast

1922–1991   Adyghe Autonomous Oblast

1922–1991   Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast

1930–1991   Khakas Autonomous Oblast

1934–1991   Jewish Autonomous Oblast

1922–1991   Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast

Autonomous Districts

1937–1991   Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug

1937–1991   Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug

1930–1991   Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug

1930–1991   Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

1930–1991   Evenk Autonomous Okrug

1925–1991   Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug

1930–1991   Koryak Autonomous Okrug

1929–1991   Nenets Autonomous Okrug

1930–1991   Taymyr Autonomous Okrug of the Dolgans and Nenets

1930–1991   Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Historical Satellite States

1920–1922      Far Eastern Republic

1921–1925      Khorezm People's Soviet Republic

1920–1925      Bukharan People's Soviet Republic

Origin of the Country's Name

The name "Soviet Union" was an abbreviation of the official name "Union of the Socialistic Soviet Republics". "Soviet" means "counsel", in the bolshevist sense a counsel which comes up spontaneously out of workers and farmers and which acts without democratic legitimation.

Source: Volker Preuß